Bi mat ve nha may quoc phong ngam cua Trieu Tien

Viec CHDCND Trieu Tien thu thanh cong vu khi hat nhan da gay chan dong the gioi tren nhieu phuong dien. Trong do co viec cac nuoc kinh ngac va bat ngo truoc to chuc va nang luc cua he thong cong nghiep quoc phong cua CHDCND Trieu Tien.

Vay ma tu truoc den nay he thong khong lo ay van la mot dieu bi an doi voi ben ngoai. Sau khi My tien cong Iraq thi nhung bien phap phong gian bao mat cua Trieu Tien lai cang them nghiem ngat.

Ngoai 180 nha may quoc phong tren, con co hon 110 nha may dan su khac se duoc chuyen thanh nha may quoc phong ngay sau khi chien tranh no ra.

Nganh cong nghiep quoc phong o CHDCND Trieu Tien duoc goi la “Nen kinh te thu 2”. He thong nay duoc to chuc theo kieu hop nhat dang-chinh-quan, do uy ban kinh te thu hai truc thuoc Trung uong Dang Lao dong Trieu Tien phu trach.

Duoi uy ban nay co mot Cuc Tong quan ly, 7 Cuc cong nghiep Co khi va Cuc Mau dich doi ngoai. Truoc kia con co Vien Khoa hoc quoc phong nua, nhung moi day Vien nay da duoc dat duoi su lanh dao truc tiep cua Trung uong Dang. 7 Cuc Cong nghiep co khi nay phu trach nhung linh vuc khac nhau:

Cuc 1 phu trach khai thac va che tao nhung loai vu khi thong thuong bao gom sung phao co co nong duoi 82mm, dan duoc va cac loai quan cu thong thuong.

Cuc 2 phu trach viec mua sam, san xuat xe tang, xe boc thep va cac loai xe quan su khac. Cuc nay da phong che xe tang T-62 cua Lien Xo cu roi xuat khau sang cac nuoc Trung Dong.

Cuc 3 phu trach khai thac va san xuat cac loai phao mat dat co nong tren 82mm, phao phong khong, va phao hoa tien, hop tac rat chat che voi BTL Phao binh.

Trieu Tien co mot loai phao goi la “Phao chu the” co tam ban 30km, khi dung dan phan luc tang tam co the dat 44km, co the ban toi thu do Seoul cua Han Quoc. Loai phao khien nguoi Trieu Tien rat tu hao ay do Cuc CN co khi 3 nay san xuat.

Cuc 4 may nam nay la co quan noi nhat o Trieu Tien vi no phu trach viec mua sam, nghien cuu va san xuat ten lua. Cac xuong nghien cuu, thi nghiem che tao va thu nghiem cac loai ten lua Rodong, Taepudong… deu dat duoi su quan ly cua Cuc 4.

Cuc 4 co 12 nha may san xuat va can cu thu nghiem ten lua. Nha may so 26 o Giang Gioi co mot can cu thu nghiem ngam voi 2 van cong nhan, chuyen san xuat cac loai ten lua dan dao va hoa tien.

Cuc 5 phu trach khai thac va san xuat vu khi hat nhan, hoa hoc va sinh hoc, hop tac chat che voi Vien Khoa hoc quoc phong va uy ban Nang luong hat nhan.

Cuc 6 phu trach nghien cuu va san xuat cac tau chien mat nuoc, tau ngam va cac thiet bi cua hai quan. Truoc chi san xuat cac tau chien trang bi phao, tu 1987 bat dau san xuat tau do bo, cuoi nhung nam 1990 bat dau san xuat tau ngam lop R cua Nga, thang 5/1997 da san xuat duoc tau ngam trinh sat loai 1000 tan.

Cuc 7 phu trach mua sam, nghien cuu va san xuat may bay va cac thiet bi thong tin. Tu 1998 da san xuat duoc Mig-21, Mig-29 va cai tien cac loai IL-28, AN-24.

Ngoai 7 Cuc Cong nghiep co khi tren, Cuc Tong quan ly phu trach viec lap ke hoach, du toan ngan sach, mua sam va phan phoi nguyen vat lieu. Cuc Mau dich doi ngoai co ten cong khai la Cong ty Longxusan phu trach viec xuat nhap khau vu khi.

Khach hang vu khi cua Trieu Tien chu yeu la cac quoc gia Trung Dong. “Phao chu the” da duoc xuat sang Iran hoi nhung nam 1980 va tham chien trong cuoc chien tranh Iran – Iraq. Ngoai ra loai phao M-1989 co nong 170mm da duoc xuat sang Lybi va Syri.

Tren thi truong quoc te, cac loai ten lua cua Trieu Tien duoc nhieu nuoc quan tam boi hang dep, gia re. Hang tin Reuter hoi thang 3/2006 dua tin Trieu Tien da xuat sang Iran 18 qua ten lua dan dao co dong BM-25 co tam ban 2.500km duoi hinh thuc hang thao roi.

Mot co quan quan trong khac trong he thong cong nghiep quoc phong Trieu Tien la Vien Khoa hoc Quoc phong. Duoc thanh lap dau nhung nam 1960, Vien nay phu trach tat ca cac viec lien quan den nghien cuu, khai thac hang quoc phong. Duoi no con khoang 40 co so nghien cuu khac nhau, hinh thanh bo nao cho nganh cong nghiep quoc phong ca nuoc.

Sau nhieu nam xay dung, Trieu Tien da co he thong cong nghiep quoc phong kha hoan thien, nhung cac nha quan sat cho rang he thong nay cung co nhung diem yeu.

Cac chuyen gia Trung tam nghien cuu chien luoc an ninh Han Quoc cho rang, ve vu khi tren bien, cac ham tau noi duoc che tao boi ky thuat con kha lac hau. Nam 1982, Trieu Tien da san xuat duoc 1 tau ho ve 1.640 tan, 15 ngan ma luc, sau do khong san xuat nhung loai tau lon hon.

Ky thuat san xuat tau ngam cung kha lac hau, thoi gian noi len mat nuoc kha cham, tieng on chan vit lon, nhung trong linh vuc che tao cac tau chien cao toc va tau ngam loai nho thi ho da dat toi trinh do kha cao.

Cac loai may bay nem bom va may bay tiem kich cua khong quan Trieu Tien kha cu ky. Nam 1999, ho moi nhap tu Kazakhstan hon 40 chiec Mig-21, khong duoc lap cac loai ten lua khong doi khong hien dai va cac thiet bi bay dem, kha nang khang nhieu thap.

Hien Trieu Tien da co kha nang lap rap may bay chien dau voi muc 2 – 3 chiec Mig-29/nam. Khong quan Trieu Tien da co ke hoach trang bi may bay bao dong som. Hoi thap nien 90 da co ke hoach cai tao AN-24 bang cach lap radar chien dau cua Mig-29 nhung no cung chi hoan thanh duoc nhung nhiem vu don gian.

O linh vuc cong nghe thong tin, Trieu Tien lac hau hon Han Quoc ve phan cung, nhung ky thuat phan mem da dat toi trinh do rat cao. Tu nhung nam 1980 ho da tap trung dao tao cac nhan tai tre ve tin hoc va tu dong hoa. Hang Yunhap hoi thang 6 vua qua dua tin Trieu Tien co mot luc luong bo doi tac chien mang truc thuoc Tong cuc chinh tri chuyen lam nhiem vu pha hoai mang luoi thong tin chi huy cua quan doi Han Quoc.

Cac tu lieu cua My da cong bo cho thay CHDCND Trieu Tien bo tri rat nhieu phao o gan khu vuc gioi tuyen, trong do co loai “Phao chu the”. My phat hien ra loai phao nay lan dau vao nam 1978 nen dat ten la M-1978.

Neu chien tranh bung bo thi hoa luc phao binh cua Trieu Tien co the bien thu do Seoul thanh bien lua. Ten lua cung la mot at chu bai trong tay nguoi Trieu Tien. Rodong la loai cai tien tren co so ten lua Scud cua Nga, tam ban dat 1.300km.

Thang 5/1993 no duoc ban thu o Dong Hai, tam ban phu khap lanh tho Nhat Ban. Taepudong-1 co tam ban 1.500km, thang 8/1998 da ban thu, no bay qua lanh tho Nhat Ban va roi xuong Thai Binh Duong. Con Taepudong-2 la loai ten lua tam trung dang duoc phat trien, co tam ban 3.500-3.600km, tam ban co the toi bang Alaska cua My.

He thong cong nghiep quoc phong cua CHDCND Trieu Tien hoi thap nien 60 cua the ky truoc chu yeu phong che cac vu khi cua Lien Xo cu, den thap ky 70 thi doc lap san xuat duoc xe tang, tau chien loai nhe, thap ky 80 bat dau san xuat ten lua va may bay, thap nien 90 thi lap rap duoc Mig-29 voi su giup do cua Nga.

Do kho khan ve kinh te, Trieu Tien da tu bo viec chay theo so luong vu khi ma tap trung vao tau ngam va ten lua cung vu khi hat nhan. Trong so cac nuoc dong hang thi Trieu Tien la mot cuong quoc ve quan su. 

Do la ket qua cua chu truong “tien quan chinh tri” - tuc la: tat ca dat cong tac quan su len tren, tat ca coi quan su lam quan trong, quan su la viec hang dau cua dat nuoc.

Duoi su chi dao cua tu tuong do, he thong cong nghiep quoc phong cua CHDCND Trieu Tien moi tang truong nhanh chong nhu ngay nay.

Theo Thu Hoa 
Tien Phong/Bao chi nuoc ngoai